• To offer students a comprehensive understanding of the database management system, including its historical context, definition, features and advantages and limitations.
• These objectives collectively contribute to building a solid foundation in database  management system.

Unit 1. Introduction [5 Hrs.]

1. History, database system and its applications
2. Characteristics of DBMS
3. Application architecture (one tier, two tier, n-tier)
4. Data abstraction and Independence
5. Schemas and Instances 
6. Database Manager and users

• To provide student with a strong foundation in data models.
• To student will gain proficiency in E-R model and constructing E-R diagram.

Unit 2. Data Models [8 Hrs.]

1. Conceptual, Logical and Physical Model
2. Introduction to Entity Relationship Model
3. Entities type
4. Entities set
5. Attributes and keys
6. Relationship types and sets
7. E-R diagrams

• To equip learners with the skills necessary to effectively database design. 
• To learners will be able to normalize database in different normal forms.

Unit 3. Normalization [7 Hrs.]

1. Importance of Normalization
2. Functional Dependencies - definition, trivial and non-trivial FD, closure of FD set, closure of attributes
3. Integrity and Domain constraints
4. Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF)

• To learns with a deep understanding of SQL and their type.
• To learners will be able to create, manipulate and other different operations in database.

Unit 4. Relational Language [10 Hrs.]

1. Introduction to SQL
2. concepts of DDL, DML, DCL
3. SQL –Data type, operators
4. Structure – creation, alteration, drop, defining constraints – Primary key, foreign key, unique, not null, check, default etc.
5. Manipulation commands (INSERT,    
6. UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT queries)
7. Functions - aggregate functions, Built-in functions – numeric, date, string functions, set operations, sub-queries, Use of group by, having, order by, LIKE Pattern, Exist, Any, All, BETWEEN, join and its types, view and its types. 

• To provide learners with the skills to query processing.
• To learners will be able to query cost estimation and query optimization

Unit 5. Query Processing [3 Hrs.]

1. Introduction to Query Processing
2. Query Cost estimation
3. Query Operations
4. Evaluation of Expressions
5. Query Optimization

• To provide learners with a solid understanding of file organization and indexing
• Define the concept of file organization type, B+ tree index and hash index

Unit 6. File organization and indexing [3 Hrs.]

1. Disks and storage
2. Organization of records into blocks
3. File organizations - The sequential and the indexed sequential file organizations
4. B+ Tree index
5. Hash index

• To equip learners with the skills to need of security, integrity violations, and efficient use of access control.
• To provide knowledge about authorization and cryptography.

Unit 7. Security [3 Hrs.]

1. Needs of security
2. Security and integrity violations
3. Access control
4. Authorization
5. Security and Views
6. Encryption and decryption

• Define transaction and their properties
• Acknowledge the concept of serializability, concurrency control  

Unit 8. Transaction and Concurrency Control [4 Hrs.]

1. Introduction to Transaction
2. Concept of Serializability
3. Concurrent execution
4. Lock based Concurrency Control
5. 2PL and Strict 2PL
6. Timestamp concept

• To provide learners with a deeper understanding of backup and recovery
• Different technique to backup database

Unit 9. Backup and Recovery [3 Hrs.]

1. Failure Classifications
2. Recovery and Atomicity
3. Log based Recovery
4. Shadow Paging
5. Local Recovery Manager
6. Backup system

• Define the concept of Object oriented database.

Unit 10. Object oriented Database [2 Hrs.]

1. Introduction of OODMS
2. Use, benefit, role of OODMS
3. Object oriented data model

Students will take a database project and design complete database structure and present

in class.